中药保肝解毒汤对实验性铜中毒欧鳗鳃、肝、肾组织中Na~+-K~+-ATPase活性的影响

应用生物化学方法研究了由茵陈、龙胆、甘草、大黄及栀子组成的中药保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗鳃、肝、肾组织中Na -K -ATPase活性的影响。健康组欧鳗养于清水中,4个处理组先暴露于0.12mg.L-1Cu2 溶液4d,然后以其中一组作为阳性空白对照组不治疗,其余3组为中药治疗组,即保肝解毒汤治疗低剂量组(200mg.L-1)、保肝解毒汤治疗高剂量组(400mg.L-1)和降酶灵(所含成分为五味子)治疗对照组(100mg.L-1)。结果显示(:1)健康欧鳗鳃、肾组织中Na -K -ATPase活性分别是肝的3.61倍和3.50倍;(2)铜中毒可致鳃、肝、肾组织中Na -K -ATPase活性分别下降5.09%、85.98%和30.15%;(3)保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗肝组织中Na -K -ATPase活性的恢复效果最明显,肾组织次之,鳃组织则效果不明显;(4)3个治疗组中以治疗低剂量组和治疗对照组升高Na -K -ATPase活性的效果最为显著,治疗高剂量组效果较差。表明中药保肝解毒汤对铜中毒欧鳗肝、肾组织中Na -K -ATPase活性具有恢复作用,但剂量对其药效有影响。     

复方枫蓼颗粒制备工艺研究

摘要：优选复方枫蓼颗粒的提取工艺和制备工艺。方法:通过单因素和正交设计试验，确定最佳提取工艺。并考察浸膏的干燥工艺，采用正交设计法对颗粒剂的辅料配比进行优化，最后按照颗粒剂的质量标准方法进行质量检查。确定复方枫蓼颗粒的最佳醇提取工艺为：10倍量65%的乙醇加热回流提取2次，每次60min，过滤，合并提取液；减压浓缩至密度为1.15~1.20（60℃）的浸膏，80℃真空干燥成粉。枫蓼颗粒剂的成型工艺为：85%乙醇作润湿剂，药物与辅料比例1：1.5，糊精与蔗糖比例3：2制软材，过14目筛，干燥温度60℃，14目筛整粒。本实验确定的提取工艺和制备工艺稳定可行，质量可靠。     

正交设计法优选七味地藿颗粒多糖的提取工艺研究

试验采用水浴提取法提取七味地藿颗粒中的多糖,通过苯酚-硫酸显色体系运用紫外分光光度法对该方剂中多糖的含量进行测定,分析提取时间、提取次数、提取温度和料液比等因素的影响,并在此基础上进行正交试验,优化提取工艺参数。结果表明:当料液比为1∶25,提取时间为2 h,提取温度为90℃,提取次数为3次时,七味地藿颗粒多糖提取效果最好,提取率为28.01%。该优化工艺条件稳定、可靠,可作为工业化生产七味地藿颗粒的试验依据。     

Traditional Chinese medicine YHTJF prevents lung ischemia-reperfusion injury via caspase-12 pathway

AIM: To explore whether Yiqi Huoxue Tongluo Jiedu Fang (YHTJF) decreases the injury during lung ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in the mice though caspase-12 pathway.METHODS: C57BL/6J male mice (n=70) were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, carboxyl methyl cellulose-Na (CMC-Na), sham, I/R, YHTJF-low (L), YHTJF-middle (M) and YHTJF-high (H) groups. YHTJF was injected intraperitoneally at 46, 92 and 184 mg/kg every day in YHTJF-L, YHTJF-M and YHTJF-H groups, respectively. The carboxyl methyl cellulose-Na was administered with the same volume of YHTJF-L in control, sham and I/R groups. After 3 h-reperfusion, the left lung tissue was harvested to determine the lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D), the total lung water content (TLW), and index of quantitative evaluation (IQA) of alveolar damage. Morphological observation and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) were applied to evaluate the structural changes and the apoptosis index (AI) of the lung tissues, respectivety. The expression of caspase-12 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at protein and mRNA levels in the lung tissues were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with control, the W/D, TLW, IQA, AI, and the expression of caspase-12 and GRP78 at mRNA and protein levels in I/R group obviously increased (P<0.01), while no significant difference was observed between control and sham groups. Compared with I/R group, the above indexes (except GRP78) in YHTJF-L, YHTJF-M and YHTJF-H groups were all decreased (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: YHTJF may attenuate the I/R injury of the lung by inhibition of apoptosis via caspase-12 pathway.     

抑食肼颗粒剂防治金龟子幼虫

抑食肼(RH-5849)是一种具有蜕皮激素活性的昆虫生长调节剂。对鳞翅目，鞘翅目、双翅目等幼虫有效．具有抑制进食．加速蜕皮：对害虫以胃毒作用为主．具有较强的内吸性残效期较长．抑食肼颗粒剂斑效期为30d左右．根据虫口密度．一般施药2～3次为宜．第一次床基施药3～5g／m2．以防治越冬代2～3龄幼虫为主．第二次床面施药5g／m2．防治新生1龄幼虫为主．总防治效果达90％～94％，是目前防治地下害虫取代高残留．剧毒农药的一种无公害的新型杀虫剂。     

秦川牛颗粒冷冻精液解冻液配方的选择及适宜解冻速度

用不同配方的解冻液解冻秦川牛颗粒冷冻精液与2．9％柠檬酸钠对比，结果表明解冻后精子活力差异不显著，但在35℃条件下的存活时间和在5℃条件下保持受精能力的差异极显著；对用不同解冻速度解冻后精子的活力及5℃条件下保持受精能力时间的对比结果表明，75℃／s秒的解冻速度效果最好，组间差异极显著。     

Neonatal cerebellar ataxia in Coton de Tulear dogs

A neonatal ataxia syndrome was observed in Coton de Tulear dogs. Seven affected pups (32%; 7/22) of both genders came from 5 different litters with phenotypically normal parents. Neurologic examination revealed normal mental status, head titubation, intention tremors, and severe gait, stance, and ocular ataxia beginning at 2 weeks of age. One of the pups was able to walk with assistance, but most of the affected pups were unable to stand and used propulsive movements ("swimming") for goal-oriented activities. They frequently would fall to lateral recumbency with subsequent decerebellate posturing and paddling. Ocular motor abnormalities included fine vertical tremors at rest and saccadic dysmetria. The condition was nonprogressive at least until 4 months of age. No specific abnormalities were identified in routine laboratory screening of blood and urine. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was normal in 1 dog, and a mild increase in protein concentration was observed in a second dog. CSF organic and amino acid concentrations were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the brain, electromyography, motor nerve conduction studies, and brain stem auditory-evoked potentials were within normal limits. Postmortem examinations were performed on 5 affected dogs between 2 and 4 months of age. Routine light microscopic and immunocytochemical examination of brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle did not disclose any gross or histologic lesions. Compared with the cerebellum from an age-matched normal dog, the cerebellum from an affected dog showed synaptic abnormalities, including loss of presynaptic terminals and organelles associated with parallel fiber varicosities within the molecular layer and increased numbers of lamellar bodies in Purkinje cells. An autosomal recessive trait affecting development of the cerebellum is suspected.     

中药保肝解毒汤对欧鳗(Anguilla anguilla)实验性肝病保护作用的酶学机理研究

研究了由茵陈、龙胆、甘草、大黄及栀子组成的中药制剂保肝解毒汤对实验性肝病欧鳗血清转氨酶、肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响。健康组欧鳗养于清水中，4个处理组先暴露于0．12mg／LCu^2＋溶液4d，其中一组作为阳性空白对照组不治疗，其余3组为中药治疗组，即保肝解毒汤治疗低剂量组（200mg／L）、保肝解毒汤治疗高剂量组（400mg／L）和降酶灵（所含成分为五昧子）治疗对照组（100mg／L），分别在水和相应药液中处理4d。结果显示：阳性空白对照组欧鳗与健康组相比，血清转氨酶AST、ALT活性极显著升高（P〈0．01），肝脏抗氧化酶CAT、GSH-Px活性受抑制（P〈0．01），SOD活性受诱导（P〈0．05）。各治疗组与阳性空白对照组相比，AST、ALT活性回落明显（Pd0．01）；CAT、GSH-Px活性显著升高（P〈0．01），并接近或超过健康组水平；SOD活性则在已有明显升高的基础上，得到进一步增强，其中以治疗低剂量组和治疗对照组最为显著（P〈0．01）。本研究表明该中药制剂具有良好的抗肝损伤及恢复肝功能作用，可用于治疗欧鳗的中毒性肝病。     

益气解毒方对癌前病变鼻咽黏膜超微病理组织的逆转效应

目的研究TgN(p53mt-LMP1)/HT转基因小鼠癌前病变鼻咽黏膜超微结构特征并观察益气解毒方的干预效应。方法将模型鼠随机分为3组,每组24只,模型组(MG)、益气解毒方组(YG)、维A酸组(TG);同品系C57BL/6J鼠24只作正常对照组(NG)。各组均单用诱癌剂二亚硝基哌嗪73 mg/(kg.次),每周2次,连续14周。采用HE染色法和透射电镜观察各组小鼠鼻咽黏膜形态学变化。结果 MG组鼻咽黏膜异型性增生明显,TG、NG、YG鼻咽/鼻腔黏膜表现轻度增生。MG组细胞膜呈伪足样改变,线粒体变形、出现空泡样结构,YG、TG及NG上述改变不明显。结论线粒体的改变可能与鼻咽黏膜癌前病变相关,而益气解毒方可有效逆转转基因小鼠鼻咽黏膜癌前病变。     

普通、甜、糯玉米果穗不同部位籽粒淀粉理化特性和颗粒分布差异

以普通玉米、甜玉米和糯玉米为材料,研究了淀粉糊化特性、热力学特性和颗粒分布等在果穗不同部位(基部、中部和顶部)间的变异情况。结果表明,甜玉米淀粉的糊化特征值各项指标均为顶部籽粒较高;普通玉米淀粉的峰值黏度和崩解值亦为顶部籽粒较高,回复值在各部位间无显著差异。糯玉米淀粉崩解值为顶部籽粒最高,峰值黏度和回复值在各部位间相对稳定。甜玉米淀粉转变温度(起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度)均为基部籽粒较高,而普通玉米在各部位间差异较小,糯玉米以中部籽粒较高,热焓值在3个类型玉米各部位间变化不一。淀粉颗粒体积均呈双峰分布,>17 μm的体积比例以顶部籽粒最低,中部籽粒最高,<17 μm的体积比例以顶部籽粒最高,中部籽粒最低。碘结合力在糯玉米不同部位间差异较小,而甜玉米和普通玉米以顶部籽粒最低。相关分析表明,淀粉颗粒体积分布和碘结合力等指标与糊化和热力学特征值存在一定的相关关系,表明果穗不同部位淀粉糊化和热力学特性的差异主要由颗粒分布及淀粉链长分布变化所致。